The anti-communist revolution of 1989 in Romania represented a turning point for the Russian-Romanian relations because in the following years Russia withdrew more to the East, after its imperial disintegration, while Romania gradually moved closer to the West and prepared its integration within it. In the first section of this study, the author reviews the specific elements of the Russian and Romanian foreign policies after 1991, focusing on the main events. Then he identifies some recurrent pattern of interactive behavior in the Russian-Romanian relationship. The second part of the study features a Foreign Policy Analysis of the two countries, because only the theoretical approach can give a coherent meaning to the raw facts. The author argues the main factors explaining the predominantly negative stance of the Russian-Romanian relations originate mostly in the psycho-cognitive features of the Russian and Romanian post-communist leaders, with the foreign and security policy bureaucracies in both states playing the role of conservative structures. But these countries are not doomed to live in a perpetual tension. The most likely paths of cooperation and harmony between Romania and Russia will be trade, cultural exchanges, the protection of the environment. The main points of discord will likely regard the access to energy, the position towards the internationalization of the Black Sea and the EU-NATO expansion to the East, the fate of the Republic of Moldova and the US military bases and missiles shield on Romanian territory.